Perfect System Verbs
There are six tenses in Latin and two voices. This page deals with the completed action tenses, called the Perfect System. Verbs forms in the Perfect System use the 3rd principal part for Active voice and the 4th principal part for Passive voice. Therefore, it is very important that you know full dictionary entries for all verbs.
1. A Theory of Tenses
- Continual vs. Completed Aspect
- Present System vs. Perfect System
- 2:51 - Simple Aspect (English and Latin)
2. The Perfect Active
- cf. LNM, Book I, Ch. 16, Language Facts I (p. 276) and II (pp. 278-279)
- 1:17 - the perfect active stem and perfect active endings
- 3:03 - simple past vs. completed present
3. The Pluperfect Active
- cf. LNM, Book I, Ch. 17, Language Facts I (pp. 290-291) and II (p. 293)
- 1:30 - pluperfect active conjugation formula (stem + endings)
4. The Future Perfect Active
- cf. LNM, Book I, Ch. 18, Language Facts I (pp. 304-305) and II (p. 308)
- 1:40 - English preference for the present tense
- 2:02 - future perfect active conjugation formula (stem + endings)
- 2:35 - you finally get to -int!
5. The Perfect Passive
- cf. LNM, Book I, Ch. 19, Language Facts I (pp. 334-336) and II (pp. 338-340)
- 0:40 - the 4th principle part
- 2:25 - perfect passive conjugation formula
- 4:00 - translating the perfect tense
- 4:36 - translating the perfect passive tense (specifically)
- 6:20 - gender of the 4th principal part in agreement with the gender of the subject
6. The Pluperfect Passive
- cf. LNM, Book I, Ch. 20, Language Fact I (p. 352)
7. The Future Perfect Passive
- cf. LNM, Book I, Ch. 21, Language Fact I (pp. 364-365)