Pluperfect Subjunctive
For an overview of the subjunctive, please see the first video on the page "Present Subjunctive."
1. Pluperfect Active Subjunctive
amāre + m = amārem
amāre + s = amārēs
amāre + t = amāret, etc.
Pluperfect Active Subjunctive = Perf. Act. Inf. (3rd pp + isse) + endings
amāvisse + m = amāvissem
amāvisse + s = amāvissēs
amāvisse + t = amāvisset, etc.
- 0:45 - Formation of the Pluperfect Active Subjunctive
- 1:35 - he points out how the Pluperfect Active Indicative looks like the Pf. stem + Imperfect forms of sum (e.g. eram), and compares that to how the Pluperfect Active Subjunctive similarly looks like the Pf. stem + the Imperfect Subjunctive forms of sum (e.g. essem), though with a spelling change. This is overly complicated, however, and I prefer to think of it this way: the Imperfect Active Subjunctive looks like the Present Active Infinitive (2nd principal part) + endings m, s, t.... Similarly, the Pluperfect Active Subjunctive looks like the Perfect Active Infinitive + endings m, s, t...
amāre + m = amārem
amāre + s = amārēs
amāre + t = amāret, etc.
Pluperfect Active Subjunctive = Perf. Act. Inf. (3rd pp + isse) + endings
amāvisse + m = amāvissem
amāvisse + s = amāvissēs
amāvisse + t = amāvisset, etc.
- 2:07 - the Tense Matrix
2. Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive
- 0:45 - Formation of the Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive
- 2:30 - the Pluperfect Subjunctive used in the Past Contrary-to-Fact (Contrafactual) Conditions