Participles
Participles are verbal adjectives, i.e. they are adjectives that modify nouns/pronouns in Gender, Number, and Case, but they have verb meanings and are formed on verb stems, and as such, have both tense and voice. Examples of participles in English are: loving, (having been) seen, etc.
The most common participle - the Perfect Passive Participle (PPP) - is the 4th principal part of a verb's dictionary entry. It is commonly used as part the perfect passive verb tense.
There are 4 tense/voice participle combinations: Perfect Passive, Present Active, Future Active, and Future Passive (in roughly that order of commonality).
1. Participles
Participles are verbal adjectives, i.e. they are adjectives that modify nouns/pronouns in Gender, Number, and Case, but they have verb meanings and are formed on verb stems, and as such, have both tense and voice. Examples of participles in English are: loving, (having been) seen, etc.
The most common participle - the Perfect Passive Participle (PPP) - is the 4th principal part of a verb's dictionary entry. It is commonly used as part the perfect passive verb tense.
There are 4 tense/voice participle combinations: Perfect Passive, Present Active, Future Active, and Future Passive (in roughly that order of commonality).
1. Participles
- 0:28 - verbal adjectives
- 1:24 - participle chart (the tense/voice combinations)
- 2:05 - Present Active Participle formation
- 3:00 - there is NO Present Passive Ptcpl. or Perfect Active Ptcpl.
- 3:11 - Perfect Passive Participle
- 3:55 - Future Active Participle
- 4:57 - the Future Active Periphrastic construction
- 5:32 - Future Passive Participle / the Gerundive ("about to be verbed")
- 6:21 - Gerundive of Obligation / Passive Periphrastic
- 7:00 - summary of participle chart for each conjugation
- 7:35 - participles of Deponent Verbs
2. Perfect Passive Participles
- 0:30 - Verbal Adjectives
- 1:16 - forming the PPP
- 1:55 - declining the PPP
- 2:20 - examples of PPPs in context
- 3:34 - translating Participles as full clauses
- 4:43 - PPPs with Ablatives of Agent or Means
- 6:13 - summary
3. Present (Active) Participles
- 0:30 - verbal adjectives
- 1:10 - forming the Present Active Participle
- 1:30 - declining the Present Active Participle in 3rd declension i-stem
- 2:30 - the full declension chart with all three genders
- 3:02 - translating Present Participles as Concurrent/contemporaneous time
- 3:50 - translating Present Participles as clauses with "while", "as", "because"
- 4:37 - participles can take Direct Objects
- 5:06 - summary